History of computers: 3000 BC

History of Computers: 3000 BC to Present History of Computers - Long, Long Ago The Abacus beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia! http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/

History of Computers - Way Back When The Slide Rule 1630 based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s

 

History of Computers - 19th Century Jacquard Loom used metal cards with punched holes to guide weaving process first stored program - metal cards first computer manufacturing still in use today!

 
 

Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Difference Engine c.1822 huge calculator, never finished Analytical Engine 1833 could store numbers calculating "mill" used punched metal cards for instructions powered by steam! accurate to six decimal places

Ada Augusta - First Programmer

• Worked with Charles Babbage
• Programmed Analytical Engine

Discussion Question

• What was the biggest advance that led to modern computers?
• Electricity
• Transistor
• Microchip
• Data storage

Vacuum Tubes - 1930 - 1950s First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.
UNIVAC - 1951 First commercially available computer sold to censu bureau "a big pocket calculator" until 1970 was standard computer, but very expensive http://www.letsfindout.com/subjects/space/univac.html
Grace Hopper	Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first "Man of the Year Award" http://www.ce.vt.edu/evd/Htmls/P375994.html
First Computer Bug - 1945 Relay cards carried information Grace Hopper found an actual moth stuck to card responsible for a malfunction Called it "debugging" a computer
First Transistor Uses Silicon developed in 1948 won a Nobel prize on-off switch Second Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

Integrated Circuits Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips). Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip”

Birth of Personal Computers - Kenbak I - 1971 Very primitive, just flashing lights and buttons about $750 MITS Altair - 1975 (pictured) 256 byte memory 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips Just a box with flashing lights cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.

The First Microprocessor - 1971

• The Intel 4004 had 2,250 transistors
• four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s)
• 108Khz
• 0.6 Mips (million instructions/sec)
• Pentium 133 - 300 Mips
• Called "Microchip"

Inside the Intel 4004 Microchip - 2250 Transistors 
 
 
Generations of Electronic Computers

Generation	FirstGeneration I	Second Gen.II	Third Gen.III	Fourth Gen.IV
Technology	Vacuum Tubes	Transistors	Integrated Circuits (multiple transistors)	Microchips (millions of transistors)
Size	Filled Whole Buildings	Filled half a room	Smaller	Tiny - Palm Pilot is as powerful as old building sized computer

 

Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly.

• Using the following advancements, draw an "evolutionary chart" of how computers evolved:
• vacuum tube
• integrated circuit
• transistor
• microchip

IBM PC - 1981

• IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture
• First wide-selling personal computer used in business
• 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors
• 4.77 Mhz processing speed
• 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard
• One or two floppy disk drives

Apple Computers

• Founded 1977
• Apple II released 1977  - widely used in schools
• Macintosh (left) - released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processor (below)
• Macintosh is first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)
  copy rightHistory of Computers: 3000 BC to Present History of Computers - Long, Long Ago The Abacus beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia! http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/ History of Computers - Way Back When The Slide Rule 1630 based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s History of Computers - 19th Century Jacquard Loom used metal cards with punched holes to guide weaving process first stored program - metal cards first computer manufacturing still in use today! Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 Difference Engine c.1822 huge calculator, never finished Analytical Engine 1833 could store numbers calculating "mill" used punched metal cards for instructions powered by steam! accurate to six decimal places Babbage's Analytical Engine Ada Augusta - First Programmer Worked with Charles Babbage Programmed Analytical Engine Discussion Question What was the biggest advance that led to modern computers? Electricity Transistor Microchip Data storage Vacuum Tubes - 1930 - 1950s First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry. UNIVAC - 1951 First commercially available computer sold to censu bureau "a big pocket calculator" until 1970 was standard computer, but very expensive http://www.letsfindout.com/subjects/space/univac.html Grace Hopper Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first "Man of the Year Award" http://www.ce.vt.edu/evd/Htmls/P375994.html First Computer Bug - 1945 Relay cards carried information Grace Hopper found an actual moth stuck to card responsible for a malfunction Called it "debugging" a computer First computer bug is a moth First Transistor Uses Silicon developed in 1948 won a Nobel prize on-off switch Second Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956 Integrated Circuits Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips). Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip” Birth of Personal Computers - Kenbak I - 1971 Very primitive, just flashing lights and buttons about $750 MITS Altair - 1975 (pictured) 256 byte memory 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips Just a box with flashing lights cost $395 kit, $495 assembled. The First Microprocessor - 1971 The Intel 4004 had 2,250 transistors four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) 108Khz 0.6 Mips (million instructions/sec) Pentium 133 - 300 Mips Called "Microchip" Inside the Intel 4004 Microchip - 2250 Transistors Inside the Intel 4004 - 2250 Transistors Generations of Electronic Computers Generation First Generation I Second Gen. II Third Gen. III Fourth Gen. IV Technology Vacuum Tubes Transistors Integrated Circuits (multiple transistors) Microchips (millions of transistors) Size Filled Whole Buildings Filled half a room Smaller Tiny - Palm Pilot is as powerful as old building sized computer Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Using the following advancements, draw an "evolutionary chart" of how computers evolved: vacuum tube integrated circuit transistor microchip IBM PC - 1981 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture First wide-selling personal computer used in business 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors 4.77 Mhz processing speed 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard One or two floppy disk drives Apple Computers Founded 1977 Apple II released 1977 - widely used in schools Macintosh (left) - released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processor (below) Macintosh is first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)